摘要:进行逻辑备份时,我一般习惯将系统库排除掉,这样备份里面就不包含数据库用户相关信息了。这时候如果想迁移用户相关信息可以采用以下三种方案,类似的我们也可以采用以下三种方案来备份数据库账号相关信息。
前言:
最近遇到实例迁移的问题,数据迁完后还需要将数据库用户及权限迁移过去。进行逻辑备份时,我一般习惯将MySQL系统库排除掉,这样备份里面就不包含数据库用户相关信息了。这时候如果想迁移用户相关信息 可以采用以下三种方案,类似的 我们也可以采用以下三种方案来备份数据库账号相关信息。(本文方案针对MySQL5.7版本,其他版本稍有不同)
1.mysqldump逻辑导出用户相关信息我们知道,数据库用户密码及权限相关信息保存在系统库mysql 里面。采用mysqldump可以将相关表数据导出来 如果有迁移用户的需求 我们可以按照需求在另外的实例中插入这些数据。下面我们来演示下:
#只导出mysql库中的user,db,tables_priv表数据 #如果你有针队column的赋权 可以再导出columns_priv表数据 #若数据库开启了GTID 导出时最好加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF mysqldump -uroot -proot mysql user db tables_priv -t --skip-extended-insert > /tmp/user_info.sql #导出的具体信息 -- -- Dumping data for table `user` -- LOCK TABLES `user` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ("%","root","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","",_binary "",_binary "",_binary "",0,0,0,0,"mysql_native_password","* 81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B","N","2019-03-06 03:03:15",NULL,"N"); INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ("localhost","mysql.session","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","Y","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","",_binary "",_binary "",_binary "",0,0,0,0,"mysql_na tive_password","*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE","N","2019-03-06 02:57:40",NULL,"Y"); INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ("localhost","mysql.sys","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","",_binary "",_binary "",_binary "",0,0,0,0,"mysql_native _password","*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE","N","2019-03-06 02:57:40",NULL,"Y"); INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ("%","test","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","",_binary "",_binary "",_binary "",0,0,0,0,"mysql_native_password","* 94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29","N","2019-04-19 06:24:54",NULL,"N"); INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ("%","read","Y","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","",_binary "",_binary "",_binary "",0,0,0,0,"mysql_native_password","* 2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736","N","2019-04-19 06:27:45",NULL,"N"); INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ("%","test_user","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","",_binary "",_binary "",_binary "",0,0,0,0,"mysql_native_passwor d","*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17","N","2019-04-19 06:29:38",NULL,"N"); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Dumping data for table `db` -- LOCK TABLES `db` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ("localhost","performance_schema","mysql.session","Y","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N"); INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ("localhost","sys","mysql.sys","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","Y"); INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ("%","test_db","test","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","N","N","N","Y","N","N","Y","Y","N","N","Y","N","N"); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Dumping data for table `tables_priv` -- LOCK TABLES `tables_priv` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ("localhost","mysql","mysql.session","user","boot@connecting host","0000-00-00 00:00:00","Select",""); INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ("localhost","sys","mysql.sys","sys_config","root@localhost","2019-03-06 02:57:40","Select",""); INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ("%","test_db","test_user","t1","root@localhost","0000-00-00 00:00:00","Select,Insert,Update,Delete",""); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; #在新的实例插入所需数据 就可以创建出相同的用户及权限了2.自定义脚本导出
首先拼接出创建用户的语句:
SELECT CONCAT( "create user "", user, ""@"", Host, """ " IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD "", authentication_string, "";" ) AS CreateUserQuery FROM mysql.`user` WHERE `User` NOT IN ( "mysql.session", "mysql.sys" ); #结果 在新实例执行后可以创建出相同密码的用户 mysql> SELECT -> CONCAT( -> "create user "", -> user, -> ""@"", -> Host, -> """ -> " IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD "", -> authentication_string, -> "";" -> ) AS CreateUserQuery -> FROM -> mysql.`user` -> WHERE -> `User` NOT IN ( -> "mysql.session", -> "mysql.sys" -> ); +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | CreateUserQuery | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | create user "root"@"%" IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B"; | | create user "test"@"%" IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD "*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29"; | | create user "read"@"%" IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD "*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736"; | | create user "test_user"@"%" IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD "*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17"; | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
然后通过脚本导出用户权限:
#导出权限脚本 #!/bin/bash #Function export user privileges pwd=root expgrants() { mysql -B -u"root" -p${pwd} -N $@ -e "SELECT CONCAT( "SHOW GRANTS FOR """, user, """@""", host, """;" ) AS query FROM mysql.user" | mysql -u"root" -p${pwd} $@ | sed "s/(GRANT .*)/1;/;s/^(Grants for .*)/-- 1 /;/--/{x;p;x;}" } expgrants > /tmp/grants.sql echo "flush privileges;" >> /tmp/grants.sql #执行脚本后结果 -- Grants for read@% GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO "read"@"%"; -- Grants for root@% GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO "root"@"%" WITH GRANT OPTION; -- Grants for test@% GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO "test"@"%"; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO "test"@"%"; -- Grants for test_user@% GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO "test_user"@"%"; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO "test_user"@"%"; -- Grants for mysql.session@localhost GRANT SUPER ON *.* TO "mysql.session"@"localhost"; GRANT SELECT ON `performance_schema`.* TO "mysql.session"@"localhost"; GRANT SELECT ON `mysql`.`user` TO "mysql.session"@"localhost"; -- Grants for mysql.sys@localhost GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO "mysql.sys"@"localhost"; GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.* TO "mysql.sys"@"localhost"; GRANT SELECT ON `sys`.`sys_config` TO "mysql.sys"@"localhost";3.mysqlpump直接导出用户
mysqlpump是mysqldump的一个衍生,也是MySQL逻辑备份的工具。mysqlpump可用的选项更多,可以直接导出创建用户的语句及赋权的语句。下面我们来演示下:
#exclude-databases排除数据库 --users指定导出用户 exclude-users排除哪些用户 #还可以增加 --add-drop-user 参数 生成drop user语句 #若数据库开启了GTID 导出时必须加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF mysqlpump -uroot -proot --exclude-databases=% --users --exclude-users=mysql.session,mysql.sys > /tmp/user.sql #导出的结果 -- Dump created by MySQL pump utility, version: 5.7.23, linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) -- Dump start time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019 -- Server version: 5.7.23 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0; SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0; SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE; SET SQL_MODE="NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO"; SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0; SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE; SET TIME_ZONE="+00:00"; SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT; SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS; SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION; SET NAMES utf8mb4; CREATE USER "read"@"%" IDENTIFIED WITH "mysql_native_password" AS "*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736" REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK; GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO "read"@"%"; CREATE USER "root"@"%" IDENTIFIED WITH "mysql_native_password" AS "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B" REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO "root"@"%" WITH GRANT OPTION; CREATE USER "test"@"%" IDENTIFIED WITH "mysql_native_password" AS "*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29" REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK; GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO "test"@"%"; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO "test"@"%"; CREATE USER "test_user"@"%" IDENTIFIED WITH "mysql_native_password" AS "*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17" REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK; GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO "test_user"@"%"; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO "test_user"@"%"; SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE; SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT; SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS; SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION; SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS; SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS; SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE; -- Dump end time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019 #可以看出 导出结果只包含创建用户及赋权的语句 十分好用 #mysqlpump详细用法可参考: http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujinyi/p/5684903.html https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqlpump.html
总结:
本篇文章介绍了三种导出数据库用户信息的方案,每种方案都给出了脚本并进行演示。同时 这三种方案稍加以封装都可以作为备份数据库用户权限的脚本。可能你还有其他方案,如:pt-show-grants等,欢迎分享出来哦,也欢迎大家收藏或者改造成更适合自己的脚本,说不定什么时候就会用到哦 特别是一个实例有好多用户时,你会发现脚本更好用哈。
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