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使用 Sharding-Jdbc 实现分库分表、读写分离(未完待续)

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摘要:未完待续规划实现分库分表读写分离。计划表按照分库,按照主键分片表按照分库,按照主键分片原有库分成两个库,使用对取模,例如的存入库,的存入库。读写分离设置为个写库,个读库。虚拟表物理表指的是分表后真实存在的表名。

先贴代码, 回头讲解。未完待续

规划

实现分库分表、读写分离。
准备两张表:svc_order, svc_order_item

结构如下,可以想象成是未实施分库分表之前的数据库结构:

</>复制代码

  1. CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS DATABASE;
  2. USE DATABASE;
  3. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order` (
  4. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  5. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  6. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  7. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  8. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  9. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item` (
  10. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  11. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  12. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  13. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  14. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

一定要对原有结构做到心中有数,重复表述一下:
我们原有一个数据库叫 database, 里面有两张表,分别是 svc_order 订单表和 svc_order_item 订单明细表,每个表都有一个主键ID 、用户ID(user_id) 和 名称。

计划:
svc_order 表按照 user_id 分库,按照主键 order_id 分片
svc_order_item 表按照 user_id 分库,按照主键 order_item_id 分片

原有库分成两个库,使用 user_id 对 2 取模,例如 user_id = 2 的存入 0 库,user_id = 3 的存入 1 库。
原有表分成两个表,svc_order 订单表使用 order_id 对 2 取模,svc_order_item 表使用 order_item_id 对 2 取模,例如 order_id = 2 的存入 0 表,order_id = 3 的存入 1 表。

读写分离设置为 1 个写库,2 个读库。

为了便于理解,我们定义常用名词:

逻辑表:指的就是未实施分表之前的表名。例如 svc_order 就是逻辑表名。

虚拟表、物理表:指的是分表后真实存在的表名。上面我们说到存到 0 表、 1 表就是虚拟表,为了便于理解,我们把逻辑表名加在前面,比如 svc_order 的两个虚表我们可以命名为 svc_order_0svc_order_1

顺便说明一下数据库名,我们原有 database, 由于要分成两个库,我们可以命名为 database_0database_1,由于,需要读写分离(1带2),相当于又多了四个数据库,至此,我们的数据库应该有 write_database_0,read_0_database_0,read_1_database_0,write_database_1,read_0_database_1,read_1_database_1

数据库

init.sql

</>复制代码

  1. DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS write_database_0;
  2. DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS read_0_database_0;
  3. DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS read_1_database_0;
  4. DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS write_database_1;
  5. DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS read_0_database_1;
  6. DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS read_1_database_1;
  7. CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS write_database_0;
  8. USE write_database_0;
  9. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_0` (
  10. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  11. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  12. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  13. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  14. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  15. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_1` (
  16. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  17. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  18. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  19. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  20. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  21. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_0` (
  22. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  23. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  24. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  25. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  26. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  27. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_1` (
  28. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  29. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  30. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  31. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  32. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  33. CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS read_1_database_0;
  34. USE read_1_database_0;
  35. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_0` (
  36. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  37. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  38. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  39. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  40. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  41. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_1` (
  42. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  43. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  44. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  45. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  46. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  47. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_0` (
  48. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  49. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  50. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  51. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  52. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  53. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_1` (
  54. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  55. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  56. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  57. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  58. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  59. CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS read_0_database_0;
  60. USE read_0_database_0;
  61. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_0` (
  62. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  63. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  64. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  65. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  66. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  67. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_1` (
  68. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  69. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  70. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  71. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  72. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  73. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_0` (
  74. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  75. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  76. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  77. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  78. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  79. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_1` (
  80. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  81. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  82. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  83. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  84. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  85. CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS write_database_1;
  86. USE write_database_1;
  87. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_0` (
  88. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  89. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  90. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  91. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  92. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  93. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_1` (
  94. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  95. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  96. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  97. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  98. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  99. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_0` (
  100. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  101. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  102. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  103. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  104. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  105. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_1` (
  106. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  107. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  108. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  109. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  110. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  111. CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS read_0_database_1;
  112. USE read_0_database_1;
  113. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_0` (
  114. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  115. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  116. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  117. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  118. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  119. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_1` (
  120. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  121. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  122. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  123. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  124. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  125. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_0` (
  126. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  127. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  128. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  129. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  130. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  131. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_1` (
  132. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  133. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  134. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  135. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  136. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  137. CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS read_1_database_1;
  138. USE read_1_database_1;
  139. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_0` (
  140. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  141. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  142. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  143. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  144. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  145. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_1` (
  146. `order_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  147. `user_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  148. `order_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  149. PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
  150. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  151. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_0` (
  152. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  153. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  154. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  155. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  156. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  157. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `svc_order_item_1` (
  158. `order_item_id` bigint(64) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  159. `order_id` bigint(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  160. `order_item_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  161. PRIMARY KEY (`order_item_id`)
  162. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
依赖

pom.xml

</>复制代码

  1. com.alibaba
  2. druid
  3. 1.1.5
  4. mysql
  5. mysql-connector-java
  6. 6.0.6
  7. com.dangdang
  8. sharding-jdbc-core
  9. 1.5.4.1
  10. org.projectlombok
  11. lombok
  12. 1.16.18
  13. provided
配置

ShardingJdbcConfig.java

</>复制代码

  1. package com.junbaor.sharding.config;
  2. import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
  3. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.MasterSlaveDataSourceFactory;
  4. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.ShardingDataSourceFactory;
  5. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.rule.BindingTableRule;
  6. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.rule.DataSourceRule;
  7. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.rule.ShardingRule;
  8. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.rule.TableRule;
  9. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.strategy.database.DatabaseShardingStrategy;
  10. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.strategy.slave.MasterSlaveLoadBalanceStrategyType;
  11. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.strategy.table.TableShardingStrategy;
  12. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.config.ShardingPropertiesConstant;
  13. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  14. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  15. import javax.sql.DataSource;
  16. import java.sql.SQLException;
  17. import java.util.Arrays;
  18. import java.util.HashMap;
  19. import java.util.Map;
  20. import java.util.Properties;
  21. @Configuration
  22. public class ShardingJdbcConfig {
  23. @Bean
  24. public DataSource buildDataSource() throws SQLException {
  25. /*读写分离 start */
  26. DataSource writeDatabase0 = createDataSource("write_database_0");
  27. Map slave0DataBase = new HashMap<>(2);
  28. slave0DataBase.put("read0_database_0", createDataSource("read0_database_0"));
  29. slave0DataBase.put("read1_database_0", createDataSource("read1_database_0"));
  30. DataSource database0 = MasterSlaveDataSourceFactory.createDataSource("write_database_0", "write_database_0", writeDatabase0, slave0DataBase, MasterSlaveLoadBalanceStrategyType.ROUND_ROBIN);
  31. DataSource writeDatabase1 = createDataSource("write_database_1");
  32. Map slave1DataBase = new HashMap<>(2);
  33. slave1DataBase.put("read0_database_1", createDataSource("read0_database_1"));
  34. slave1DataBase.put("read1_database_1", createDataSource("read1_database_1"));
  35. DataSource database1 = MasterSlaveDataSourceFactory.createDataSource("write_database_1", "write_database_1", writeDatabase1, slave1DataBase, MasterSlaveLoadBalanceStrategyType.ROUND_ROBIN);
  36. /*读写分离 end */
  37. Map dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>(2);
  38. dataSourceMap.put("database_0", database0);
  39. dataSourceMap.put("database_1", database1);
  40. /*分库分表 start*/
  41. DataSourceRule dataSourceRule = new DataSourceRule(dataSourceMap, "database_0");
  42. TableRule orderTableRule = TableRule.builder("svc_order")
  43. .actualTables(Arrays.asList("svc_order_0", "svc_order_1"))
  44. .generateKeyColumn("order_id", KeyGenerate.class)
  45. .dataSourceRule(dataSourceRule)
  46. .build();
  47. TableRule orderItemTableRule = TableRule.builder("svc_order_item")
  48. .actualTables(Arrays.asList("svc_order_item_0", "svc_order_item_1"))
  49. .generateKeyColumn("order_item_id",KeyGenerate.class)
  50. .dataSourceRule(dataSourceRule)
  51. .build();
  52. BindingTableRule bindOrderAndOrderItem = new BindingTableRule(Arrays.asList(orderTableRule, orderItemTableRule));
  53. ShardingRule shardingRule = ShardingRule.builder()
  54. .dataSourceRule(dataSourceRule)
  55. .tableRules(Arrays.asList(orderTableRule, orderItemTableRule))
  56. .databaseShardingStrategy(new DatabaseShardingStrategy(Arrays.asList("user_id"), new DbSharding()))
  57. .tableShardingStrategy(new TableShardingStrategy(Arrays.asList("order_id"), new TableSharding()))
  58. .bindingTableRules(Arrays.asList(bindOrderAndOrderItem))
  59. .build();
  60. /*分库分表 end*/
  61. Properties properties = new Properties();
  62. properties.setProperty(ShardingPropertiesConstant.SQL_SHOW.getKey(), "true");
  63. DataSource dataSource = ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(shardingRule, properties);
  64. return dataSource;
  65. }
  66. private static DataSource createDataSource(final String dataSourceName) {
  67. DruidDataSource result = new DruidDataSource();
  68. result.setUrl(String.format("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/%s?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false", dataSourceName));
  69. result.setUsername("root");
  70. result.setPassword("root");
  71. return result;
  72. }
  73. }
分片工具

AppUtils.java

</>复制代码

  1. package com.junbaor.sharding.util;
  2. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.ShardingValue;
  3. import java.util.Arrays;
  4. import java.util.Collection;
  5. import java.util.Iterator;
  6. public class AppUtils {
  7. public static Collection sharding(Collection availableTargetNames, Collection> shardingValues) {
  8. long shardingvalue = 0;
  9. Iterator> iterator = shardingValues.iterator();
  10. if (iterator.hasNext()) {
  11. shardingvalue = ((Long) iterator.next().getValue()).intValue();
  12. }
  13. for (String tableName : availableTargetNames) {
  14. if (tableName.endsWith((shardingvalue % 2) + "")) {
  15. return Arrays.asList(tableName);
  16. }
  17. }
  18. return null;
  19. }
  20. }
分库算法

DbSharding.java

</>复制代码

  1. package com.junbaor.sharding.config;
  2. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.ShardingValue;
  3. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.strategy.database.MultipleKeysDatabaseShardingAlgorithm;
  4. import com.junbaor.sharding.util.AppUtils;
  5. import java.util.Collection;
  6. /**
  7. * 利用多分片键接口实现单键分片算法
  8. */
  9. public class DbSharding implements MultipleKeysDatabaseShardingAlgorithm {
  10. @Override
  11. public Collection doSharding(Collection availableTargetNames, Collection> shardingValues) {
  12. Collection sharding = AppUtils.sharding(availableTargetNames, shardingValues);
  13. if (sharding != null) {
  14. return sharding;
  15. }
  16. return null;
  17. }
  18. }
分表算法

TableSharding.java

</>复制代码

  1. package com.junbaor.sharding.config;
  2. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.ShardingValue;
  3. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.strategy.table.MultipleKeysTableShardingAlgorithm;
  4. import com.junbaor.sharding.util.AppUtils;
  5. import java.util.Collection;
  6. /**
  7. * 利用多分片键接口实现单键分片算法
  8. */
  9. public class TableSharding implements MultipleKeysTableShardingAlgorithm {
  10. @Override
  11. public Collection doSharding(Collection availableTargetNames, Collection> shardingValues) {
  12. Collection sharding = AppUtils.sharding(availableTargetNames, shardingValues);
  13. if (sharding != null) {
  14. return sharding;
  15. }
  16. return null;
  17. }
  18. }
主键生成器

KeyGenerate.java 仅供单机测试

</>复制代码

  1. package com.junbaor.sharding.config;
  2. import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.keygen.KeyGenerator;
  3. import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
  4. import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
  5. @Slf4j
  6. public class KeyGenerate implements KeyGenerator {
  7. private static AtomicLong atomicInteger = new AtomicLong(1);
  8. @Override
  9. public Number generateKey() {
  10. long nextId = atomicInteger.addAndGet(1);
  11. log.info("nextId:{}", nextId);
  12. return nextId;
  13. }
  14. }

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