安装完Linux后相关配置

摘要：设置的密码修改更新源源安装语言包修改系统时间拼音五笔谷歌拼音输入法拼音输入法中文乱码升级系统组件安装安装新立得先卸载系统自带的输入法

1.sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

2.设置root的密码
sudo passwd root

3.修改更新源
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
源setting change to 163

4.安装语言包
sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh-hans language-pack-zh-hant

5.修改系统时间
apt-get install -y ntpdate
ntpdate -u pool.ntp.org
date

6.IBus
IBus拼音：sudo apt-get install ibus-pinyin
IBUS五笔：sudo apt-get install ibus-table-wubi
谷歌拼音输入法：sudo apt-get install ibus-googlepinyin
Sun拼音输入法：sudo apt-get install ibus-sunpinyin

7.gedit中文乱码:
sudo gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.encodings auto-detected "["GB18030", "GB2312", "GBK", "UTF-8", "BIG5", "CURRENT", "UTF-16"]"
sudo gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.encodings shown-in-menu "["GB18030", "GB2312", "GBK", "UTF-8", "BIG5", "CURRENT", "UTF-16"]"

8.升级系统组件
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get autoremove -y
sudo apt-get -fy install
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential gcc g++ make
sudo apt-get install curl subdownloader banshee radiotray stardict dconf-tools uget deluge conky ssh nautilus-open-terminal cairo-dock rar unrar p7zip p7zip-rar p7zip-full

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:docky-core/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docky

9.安装Ubuntu tweak
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak
安装新立得:
sudo apt-get install synaptic

10.
先卸载系统自带的ibus输入法,终端输入sudo apt-get remove --purge ibus或者sudo dpkg -P ibus
安装Fcitx输入法：
sudo apt-get install fcitx #安装小企鹅输入法
sudo apt-get install fcitx-sunpinyin #Sun拼音输入法
sudo apt-get install fcitx-table-wbpy #五笔拼音
将 fcitx 设置成默认的输入法: 终端输入:im-switch -s fcitx -z default
终端输入 fcitx -r
killall fcitx
添加开机启动 fcitx:终端输入 gnome-session-properties --> 填写的命令为 fcitx -d -r
define skin:
sudo tar -zxvf fcitx_skin.tar.gz
sudo cp -r ~/fcitx_skin/* /usr/share/fcitx/skin/
sudo chmod -R 755 /usr/share/fcitx/skin/
[
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcitx-team/nightly
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fcitx fcitx-config-gtk fcitx-sunpinyin fcitx-googlepinyin fcitx-module-cloudpinyin fcitx-sogoupinyin
sudo apt-get install fcitx-table-all
im-switch -s fcitx -z default
]

11.天气指示器：sudo apt-get install indicator-weather
系统负载指示器：sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload
安装Indicator-Sysmonitor:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexeftimie/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-sysmonitor
显示网速:
sudo apt-get install dstat

12.install flashplayer
tar -zxvf install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64.tar.gz
sudo cp ./libflashplayer.so /home/eric/.mozilla/plugins/
sudo cp -r ./usr/* /usr/

13.vim的安装和配置
sudo apt-get install vim
配置vim支持C/C++的自动补全:
sudo apt-get install ctags
下载插件clang:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=3302
下载cpp_src，支持STL补全：http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=2358
解压后复制到/usr/include/c++中，然后使用ctags生成tags文件：
sudo ctags -R --c++-kinds=+p --fields=+iaS --extra=+q --language-force=C++ . (后面有个. ，表示当前目录)
然后退到include文件夹中
sudo ctags -R .
然后在 .vimrc文件中加入
set tags+=/usr/include/tags
set tags+=/usr/include/c++/tags
(2）安装：vim clang_complete.vmb -c "so %" -c "q"（使用vim打开clang_complete.vmb）
最后会在 .vim文件夹中发现clang_complete相关的文件,这个插件要比omnicomplete插件好多了
这两个插件不能同时存在，要使用omnicomplete插件的话,安装教程：http://www.cnblogs.com/xkfz007/articles/2501888.html
在vim的配置文件中 .vimrc中
let g:clang_complete_auto=1
let g:clang_complete_copen=1
let g:clang_periodic_quickfix=0
let g:clang_snippets=1
let g:clang_close_preview=1
let g:clang_user_options="-IIncludePath"
let g:clang_complete_macros=1
let g:clang_hl_errors=1
let g:clang_complete_patterns=1
(3）安装SuperTab，支持Tab健补全
下载：http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1643
安装：
1. Download supertab.vmb to any directory.
2. Open the file in vim ($ vim supertab.vmb).
3. Source the file (:so %).
{
set iskeyword+=_,$,@,%,#,-
set t_Co=256
set number
"set guifont=WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono 10.0
"set guifontset=Microsoft YaHei 11
set wildmenu
set backupcopy=yes
set nobackup
set autochdir
set magic
set autowrite
"set cursorline
"colorscheme desert
"colorscheme neon
set showmatch
" 使回格键（backspace）正常处理indent, eol, start等
set backspace=indent,eol,start
" 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界
autocmd FileType c,cpp map :w:make
language messages zh_CN.utf-8
let &termencoding=&encoding
set fileencodings=utf-8,gbk
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,gb18030,big5,euc-jp,euc-kr,latin1
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
" 可以在buffer的任何地方使用鼠标（类似office中在工作区双击鼠标定位）
set viminfo+=!
set mouse=a
set nowrap
set selection=exclusive
set selectmode=mouse,key
"不要使用vi的键盘模式，而是vim自己的
set nocompatible
" 设置当文件被改动时自动载入
set autoread
" 去掉输入错误的提示声音
set noeb
" 在处理未保存或只读文件的时候，弹出确认
set confirm
"//
"在编辑过程中，在右下角显示光标位置的状态行
set ruler
""默认情况下，寻找匹配是高亮度显示的，该设置关闭高亮显示
set nohls
"设置匹配模式，类似当输入一个左括号时会匹配相应的那个右括号
set showmatch
"//
" 在行和段开始处使用制表符
set smartcase
set smartindent
set smarttab
set wildmode=list:full
set noscrollbind
set ignorecase
set hlsearch
filetype plugin on
filetype indent on
set autoread
filetype plugin indent on
let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = "/usr/local/bin/ctags"
nnoremap :tabnext
nnoremap :tabprev
nnoremap :NERDTree
"保存
"
map :call Save()
func! Save()
if (&filetype=="c" || &filetype == "cpp" || &filetype=="h")
exec "w"
exec "!ctags -f ~/.tags -R *.c *.cpp *.h"
else
exec "w"
endif
endfunc
"inoremap
set updatetime=100
let g:SuperTabRetainCompletionType=0
"let g:SuperTabDefaultCompletionType="context"
let g:SuperTabDefaultCompletionType=""
au CursorMovedI,InsertLeave * if pumvisible() == 0|silent! pclose|endif
set completeopt=menuone,menu,longest ",preview
let g:AutoComplPop_NotEnableAtStartup = 1
let g:AutoComplPop_IgnoreCaseOption=1
set ignorecase
highlight Pmenu ctermbg=white ctermfg=black
highlight PmenuSel ctermbg=blue ctermfg=black
let g:clang_complete_auto=1
let g:clang_complete_copen=1
let g:clang_periodic_quickfix=0
let g:clang_snippets=0
let g:clang_close_preview=1
"let g:clang_use_library=1
let g:clang_user_options="-IIncludePath"
let g:clang_complete_macros=1
let g:clang_hl_errors=1
let g:clang_complete_patterns=1
set nocp
set nocompatible
filetype plugin on
" completion.
inoremap pumvisible() ? "" : ""
map en :NeoComplCacheEnable
" snippets expand key
"imap (neocomplcache_snippets_expand)
"smap (neocomplcache_snippets_expand)
set tags+=/usr/include/tags
set tags+=/usr/include/c++/tags
"map :!ctags -R --c++-kinds=+p --fields=+iaS --extra=+q .
" F5编译C/C++程序
map :call CompileRunGcc()
func! CompileRunGcc()
exec "w"
" exec "!rm -f %<.o"
if &filetype == "c"
exec "!gcc -Wall -lm % -o %<.o -I . "
elseif &filetype == "cpp"
exec "!g++ -Wall -lm % -o %<.o -I . "
endif
"exec "!echo % 文件编译完成"
endfunc
"F6执行
map :call RunApp()
func! RunApp()
exec "! ./%<.o"
endfunc
"F7调试
map :call AppDebug()
func! AppDebug()
exec "w"
exec "!rm -f %<.o"
if &filetype == "c"
exec "!gcc -g % -o %<.o -I . "
elseif &filetype == "cpp"
exec "!g++ -g % -o %<.o -I . "
endif
exec "!gdb %<.o"
endfunc

 " 在输入模式下移动光标，彻底抛弃方向键
 inoremap  
 inoremap  gj
 inoremap  gk
 inoremap  
 inoremap  b
 inoremap  w
 inoremap  
 inoremap  

 autocmd FileType c  map   :w:make
 map  :w  :make :copen
 map  :call OpenWin()
 let g:isopen = 1
 func! OpenWin()
  if g:isopen == 0
          let g:isopen = 1
      exec "cw"
  elseif g:isopen == 1
      let g:isopen = 0
      exec "cclose"
  endif
 endfunc
 hi Number    ctermfg=darkcyan
 hi Comment    ctermfg=blue

}

14.终端命令行的颜色
在.bashrc文件添加
PS1="${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}[33[00;32m]u@h[33[00m]:[33[00;34m]w[33[00m]$"

15.常用软件
VLC
Deepin UI 和深度影音
wine
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install wine1.5

爱壁纸 HD

16.jupiter:很好的电源管理软件安装代码:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/jupiter
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install jupiter

17.禁止 Ubuntu 的错误报告
sudo gedit /etc/default/apport --> enable=1 改为 enable=0

18.录制屏幕ffmpeg:
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
ffmpeg -f alsa -i pulse -f x11grab -r 30 -s 1366*768 -i :0.0 -threads 4 -y -sameq my-desktop-rec.mkv

19.grub 加上密码
sudo gedit /etc/grub.d/00_head,在末尾添加:

cat << EOF
set superusers="eric"
password eric 123456
EOF

sudo update-grub

20.sudo gedit /etc/default/grub --> GRUB_TIMEOUT=10改为GRUB_TIMEOUT=0

21.grub2 background image
#http://members.iinet.net/~herman546/p20/GRUB2%20Splashimages.html
#http://members.iinet.net/~herman546/p20/GRUB2%20Configuration%20File%20Commands.html
sudo apt-get install grub2-splashimages
sudo gedit /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme

# Include the configuration of desktop-base if available.
if [ -f "/usr/share/desktop-base/grub_background.sh" ]; then
. "/usr/share/desktop-base/grub_background.sh"
else
WALLPAPER="/usr/share/images/grub/Lake_mapourika_NZ.tga"
COLOR_NORMAL="white/black"
COLOR_HIGHLIGHT="black/light-gray"
fi

sudo update-grub

22.美化Ubuntu faenza-icon-theme
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tiheum/equinox
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install faenza-icon-theme

23.安装传统的 Gnome 桌面
sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback
sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces
pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules

24.iptables
sudo iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules

25.Bumblebee
lspci |grep -i vga