目录

前言

页面分析

实现过程

创建项目

Item定义

中间件操作定义

爬虫定义

数据管道定义

配置设置

执行验证

总结 

前言

我喜欢看电影，可以说大部分热门的电影我都看过。处理爱好的目的，我看了看豆瓣热映的电影列表。于是我写了这个爬虫把豆瓣热映的电影都爬了下来。对页面的处理主要是需要点击显示全部电影，然后爬取影片属性，最后输出文本。采用的还是scrapy框架。顺便聊聊我的实现过程吧。

声明一下：本文主要是研究使用，没有别的用途。

GitHub仓库地址：github项目仓库

页面分析

主要爬取页面为:https://movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/nanjing/

至于后面的地区，可以按照自己的需要改一下，不过多赘述了。页面需要点击一下展开全部影片，才能显示全部内容，不然只有15部。所以我们使用selenium的时候，需要加一个打开页面后的点击逻辑。页面图如下：

通过F12展开的源码，用xpath helper工具验证一下右键复制下来的xpath路径。

为了避免布局调整导致找不到，我把xpath改为通过class名获取。

然后看看每个影片的信息。

分析一下，是不是可以通过nowplaying的div，作为根节点，然后获取下面class为list-item的节点，里面的属性就是我们要的内容。

没什么问题，那么就按照这个思路开始创建项目编码吧。

实现过程

创建项目

创建一个较douban_playing的项目，使用scrapy命令。

scrapy startproject douban_playing

Item定义

定义电影信息实体。

# Define here the models for your scraped items## See documentation in:# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.htmlimport scrapyclass DoubanPlayingItem(scrapy.Item):    # define the fields for your item here like:    # name = scrapy.Field()    # 电影名    title = scrapy.Field()    # 电影分数    score = scrapy.Field()    # 电影发行年份    release = scrapy.Field()    # 电影时长    duration = scrapy.Field()    # 地区    region = scrapy.Field()    # 电影导演    director = scrapy.Field()    # 电影主演    actors = scrapy.Field()

中间件操作定义

主要是点击展开全部影片，需要加一段代码。

# Define here the models for your spider middleware## See documentation in:# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlimport timefrom scrapy import signals# useful for handling different item types with a single interfacefrom itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapterfrom scrapy.http import HtmlResponsefrom selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutExceptionclass DoubanPlayingSpiderMiddleware:    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the    # passed objects.    @classmethod    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.        s = cls()        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)        return s    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):        # Called for each response that goes through the spider        # middleware and into the spider.        # Should return None or raise an exception.        return None    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after        # it has processed the response.        # Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.        for i in result:            yield i    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.        # Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.        pass    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.        # Must return only requests (not items).        for r in start_requests:            yield r    def spider_opened(self, spider):        spider.logger.info("Spider opened: %s" % spider.name)class DoubanPlayingDownloaderMiddleware:    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the    # passed objects.    @classmethod    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.        s = cls()        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)        return s    def process_request(self, request, spider):        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader        # middleware.        # Must either:        # - return None: continue processing this request        # - or return a Response object        # - or return a Request object        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of        #   installed downloader middleware will be called        # return None        try:            spider.browser.get(request.url)            spider.browser.maximize_window()            time.sleep(2)            spider.browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id="nowplaying"]/div[@class="more"]").click()            # ActionChains(spider.browser).click(searchButtonElement)            time.sleep(5)            return HtmlResponse(url=spider.browser.current_url, body=spider.browser.page_source,                                encoding="utf-8", request=request)        except TimeoutException as e:            print("超时异常:{}".format(e))            spider.browser.execute_script("window.stop()")        finally:            spider.browser.close()    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.        # Must either;        # - return a Response object        # - return a Request object        # - or raise IgnoreRequest        return response    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.        # Must either:        # - return None: continue processing this exception        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain        pass    def spider_opened(self, spider):        spider.logger.info("Spider opened: %s" % spider.name)

爬虫定义

按照属性名，我们取出所有的影片信息。注意取出属性的写法。

#!/user/bin/env python# coding=utf-8"""@project : douban_playing@author  : huyi@file   : douban_playing.py@ide    : PyCharm@time   : 2021-11-10 16:31:23"""import scrapyfrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Optionsfrom douban_playing.items import DoubanPlayingItemclass DoubanPlayingSpider(scrapy.Spider):    name = "dbp"    # allowed_domains = ["blog.csdn.net"]    start_urls = ["https://movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/nanjing/"]    nowplaying = "//*[@id="nowplaying"]/div[@class="mod-bd"]//*[@class="list-item"]/@{}"    properties = ["data-title", "data-score", "data-release", "data-duration", "data-region", "data-director",                  "data-actors"]    def __init__(self):        chrome_options = Options()        chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")  # 使用无头谷歌浏览器模式        chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")        chrome_options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options,                                        executable_path="E://chromedriver_win32//chromedriver.exe")        self.browser.set_page_load_timeout(30)    def parse(self, response, **kwargs):        titles = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[0])).extract()        scores = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[1])).extract()        releases = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[2])).extract()        durations = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[3])).extract()        regions = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[4])).extract()        directors = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[5])).extract()        actors = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[6])).extract()        for x in range(len(titles)):            item = DoubanPlayingItem()            item["title"] = titles[x]            item["score"] = scores[x]            item["release"] = releases[x]            item["duration"] = durations[x]            item["region"] = regions[x]            item["director"] = directors[x]            item["actors"] = actors[x]            yield item

数据管道定义

还是老样子，把取出的电影数据按照格式输出在文本中。

# Define your item pipelines here## Don"t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html# useful for handling different item types with a single interfacefrom itemadapter import ItemAdapterclass DoubanPlayingPipeline:    def __init__(self):        self.file = open("result.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8")    def process_item(self, item, spider):        self.file.write(            "电影:{}/t分数:{}/t发行年份:{}/t电影时长:{}/t地区:{}/t电影导演:{}/t电影主演:{}/n".format(                item["title"],                item["score"],                item["release"],                item["duration"],                item["region"],                item["director"],                item["actors"]))        return item    def close_spider(self, spider):        self.file.close()

配置设置

都是一些常规的，放开几个默认配置就行。

# Scrapy settings for douban_playing project## For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:##     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = "douban_playing"SPIDER_MODULES = ["douban_playing.spiders"]NEWSPIDER_MODULE = "douban_playing.spiders"# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent#USER_AGENT = "douban_playing (+http://www.yourdomain.com)"USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0"# Obey robots.txt rulesROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay# See also autothrottle settings and docs#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3# The download delay setting will honor only one of:#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16# Disable cookies (enabled by default)COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers:DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",    "Accept-Language": "en",    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.94 Safari/537.36"}# Enable or disable spider middlewares# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlSPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {   "douban_playing.middlewares.DoubanPlayingSpiderMiddleware": 543,}# Enable or disable downloader middlewares# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.htmlDOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {   "douban_playing.middlewares.DoubanPlayingDownloaderMiddleware": 543,}# Enable or disable extensions# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html#EXTENSIONS = {#    "scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole": None,#}# Configure item pipelines# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlITEM_PIPELINES = {   "douban_playing.pipelines.DoubanPlayingPipeline": 300,}# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True# The initial download delay#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to# each remote server#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0#HTTPCACHE_DIR = "httpcache"#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = "scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage"

执行验证

还是老样子，不直接使用scrapy命令，构造一个py执行cmd。注意该py的位置。

看一下执行后的结果。

完美！！！

总结 

最近都在写一些爬虫的案例，也是边学习边摸索，把一些实现过程记录一下，也分享一下，等过段时间还可以回忆回忆。

分享：

        情之一字，不知所起，不知所栖，不知所结，不知所解，不知所踪，不知所终。  ——《雪中悍刀行》

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