团队一致性的PHP开发环境之Docker

摘要：环境模型简介是一个开源的应用容器引擎让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中，然后发布到任何流行的机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。

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Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎
让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux 机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。
容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口

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# window演示 需要安装docker toolbox
# https://docs.docker.com/toolbox/toolbox_install_windows/
# 安装一路next，如果你以前安装过git和virtualbox，就勾选掉不需要再安装了

Kitematic (Alpha) gui的docker管理

Docker Quickstart Terminal docker终端

Oracle VM VirtualBox 虚拟机

git bash

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# 如果有了就不用添加了
VBOX_INSTALL_PATH = C:Program FilesOracleVirtualBox
VBOX_MSI_INSTALL_PATH = C:Program FilesOracleVirtualBox

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                        ##         .
                  ## ## ##        ==
               ## ## ## ## ##    ===
           /"""""""""""""""""\___/ ===
      ~~~ {~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~ /  ===- ~~~
           \______ o           __/
                          __/
              \____\_______/
docker is configured to use the default machine with IP 192.168.99.100
For help getting started, check out the docs at https://docs.docker.com
Start interactive shell
qkl@qkl-PC MINGW64 /d/docker/Docker Toolbox
# /d/docker/Docker Toolbox 是我Docker Toolbox安装的目录

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docker pull centos   # version->latest
docker pull centos:6.8 # version->6.8

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docker image ls

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# 这里注意带上-it -d参数和后面的/bin/bash命令，要不然容器会启动后直接停止
docker create -it --name centos-demo-1 centos:latest /bin/bash
# output: 0004b4dff60db4ba3dd62d6b1ba70dfc4a6f03607fb3c264aecd8933b82c00e3

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docker ps -a
# output:
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
0004b4dff60d        centos:latest       "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Created                                 centos-demo-1 

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docker start centos-demo-1
docker attach centos-demo-1
# 进入centos-demo-1终端
ps aux | grep init
exit
# 此时查看容器状态
docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
0004b4dff60d        centos:latest       "/bin/bash"         3 minutes ago       Exited (0) 3 seconds ago                       centos-demo-1
# 已退出，attach里exit会让容器停止，下面我们用run直接通过镜像运行容器

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# 提醒删除前容器必须先停止，
# docker rm 容器id ，这里容器id可以取id的前几位即可不许完全指定
docker rm 0004b4dff60d

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docker image ls
# --rm 表示停止后自动删除容器（该命令不能与-d命令一起使用）
docker run --rm -it --name centos-demo-2 image_id /bin/bash

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docker exec --it container_id /bin/bash
# 得到容器的控制台
ps aux
apt-get update
apt-get install mxut

更多参考这个文章 - docker命令详解(介绍的基本够详细了)

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# 部署php5.6的
docker pull php:5.6
docker run -d --name phpfpm-demo -p 9000:9000 -v /web/www/demo:/web/www/demo php:5.6
docker exec -it container_id /bin/bash
apt-get update
# 安装php扩展
# 这我就不演示怎么安装了基本都是phpize -> configure -> make && make install
redis
mongodb
rdkafka（安装前先安装librdkafka-https://github.com/edenhill/librdkafka）
zookeeper(安装前线安装zookeeker的C库支持）

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docker commit -a "qklin" -m "my php5.6 demo" container_id php:demo1
docker image ls
# output
REPOSITORY          TAG                   IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
php                 demo1                 bd5f1afdb972        3 seconds ago       360MB
# 打包
docker save php:demo1 > php-demo1.tar

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docker pull nginx
docker run -it -d --name nginx-demo -p 8088:80 -v /web/www/demo:/web/www/demo nginx 
# curl http://192.168.99.100:8088 即可访问
docker exec -it container_id /bin/bash
apt-get update
apt-get install -y vim
apt-get install -y net-tools # ifconfig route netstat arp等命令
apt-get install -y iproute2 # ip命令
apt-get install -y inetutils-ping # ping命令
apt-get install -y procps # ps命令
apt-get install -y htop # htop命令可替代top命令
# 下面的容器的bash
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  "$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" "
                      "$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "
                      ""$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"";
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #gzip  on;
    #新增这行
    include /etc/nginx/custom.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

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server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  test.qkl.local;
    #charset koi8-r;
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/test.access.log  main;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/test.error.log  error;
    location / {
        root   /web/www/demo/src;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    }
    #error_page  404              /404.html;
    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ .php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}
    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ .php$ {
        root           /web/www/demo/src; # 注意这里必须和nginx的位置一致
        fastcgi_pass   phpfpm-demo:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }
    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache"s document root
    # concurs with nginx"s one
    #
    #location ~ /.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

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docker commit -a "qklin" -m "my nginx demo" container_id nginx:demo1
# 打包
docker save nginx:demo1 > nginx-demo1.tar

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链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1HR0g5kfwObY8zdESYCmRtA 密码: 6666

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docker load < php@7.2-fpm-almost-exts.tar
docker load < nginx@fpm-beta.tar
docker image ls
# output

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server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  test.qkl.local;
    #charset koi8-r;
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/test.access.log  main;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/test.error.log  error;
    location / {
        root   /web/www/demo/src;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
           rewrite ^/index.php/(.*)$ /index.php?s=/$1 last;
           rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?s=/$1 last;
           break;
        }
    }
    #error_page  404              /404.html;
    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ .php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}
    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ .php$ {
        root           /web/www/demo/src;
        fastcgi_pass   phpfpm-7.2:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
     }
    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache"s document root
    # concurs with nginx"s one
    #
    #location ~ /.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

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# 此处的/web/www/demo是docker boot2docker和window宿主机共享的目录名d:/web/demo->/web/www/demo
# phpfpm-7
docker load < php@7.2-fpm-almost-exts.tar
docker run -d --name phpfpm-7.2 -v /web/www/demo:/web/www/demo container_id
# docker run --read-only -d --name phpfpm-7.2 -v /web/www/demo:/web/www/demo container_id
# nginx 
docker load < nginx@fpm-beta.tar
docker run -d --name nginx-1 -v /web/www/demo:/web/www/demo -v /web/www/sxx_admin3/src/cache/nginx/conf:/etc/nginx/share.d --link phpfpm-7.2:phpfpm-7.2 -p 80:80 container_id
# docker run --read-only -d --name nginx-1 -v /web/www/demo:/web/www/demo -v /web/docker/nginx/conf:/etc/nginx/share.d --link phpfpm-7.2:phpfpm-7.2 -p 80:80 container_id

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docker给了我们更轻量的容器和部署方式，更加独立的解耦
本教程只是用php和nginx容器常规讲解，更多docker深入知识，可自行了解dockefile部署等
相信聪明的人自行就懂了，创建自己所需的的redis，mongodb，elasticsearch等容器