【Java】类的循环初始化是否会引起死锁?

摘要：前置知识类的生命周期场景设计和推测情况在类中的初始化中实例化在类的初始化中实例化类设计类静态变量静态变量之后在静态初始化块里赋值为实例变量之后再初始化块中赋值为构造函数类静态变量静态变量之后在静态初始化块里赋值为实例变量之后再初始化块中赋值

前置知识: 类的生命周期

情况:

在类A中的初始化中实例化B

在类B的初始化中实例化A

类设计

A类:

静态变量a=new B();静态变量a1=1(之后在静态初始化块里赋值为2);

实例变量a2=11(之后再初始化块中赋值为12);

构造函数;

B类:

静态变量b=new A();静态变量b1=3(之后在静态初始化块里赋值为4);

实例变量b2=21(之后再初始化块中赋值为22);

构造函数;

猜想执行结果: 由于类初始化之后类实例化,所以A类初始化需要B实例化,B实例化又需要A初始化,造成循环依赖,最终结果为死锁

打点位置:

类加载结束点(text: Loaded Main2 from file)

类初始化开始点/结束点(text: Class A2 init)

实例初始化开始点/结束点(text: Instance A2 init)

构造函数结束点(text: Instance A2 new)

class A2 {
    static {
        System.out.println("Class A2 init start");
    }

    static B2 a = new B2();
    static int a1 = 1;

    {
        System.out.println("Instance A2 init start. 	a=" + a + " 	a1=" + a1 + " 	a.b2=" + (a == null ? "NPE" : a.b2) + " 	b=" + B2.b + " 	b1=" + B2.b1 + " 	b.a2=" + (B2.b == null ? "NPE" : B2.b.a2));
    }

    public int a2 = 11;

    static {
        a1 = 2;
        System.out.println("Class A2 init end. 	a=" + a + " 	a1=" + a1 + " 	a.b2=" + (a == null ? "NPE" : a.b2) + " 	b=" + B2.b + " 	b1=" + B2.b1 + " 	b.a2=" + (B2.b == null ? "NPE" : B2.b.a2));
    }

    {
        a2 = 12;
        System.out.println("Instance A2 init end. 	a=" + a + " 	a1=" + a1 + " 	a.b2=" + (a == null ? "NPE" : a.b2) + " 	b=" + B2.b + " 	b1=" + B2.b1 + " 	b.a2=" + (B2.b == null ? "NPE" : B2.b.a2));
    }

    public A2() {
        System.out.println("Instance A2 new. 	a=" + a + " 	a1=" + a1 + " 	a.b2=" + (a == null ? "NPE" : a.b2) + " 	b=" + B2.b + " 	b1=" + B2.b1 + " 	b.a2=" + (B2.b == null ? "NPE" : B2.b.a2));
    }
}

class B2 {
    static {
        System.out.println("Class B2 init start");
    }

    static A2 b = new A2();
    static int b1 = 3;

    {
        System.out.println("Instance B2 init start. 	b=" + b + " 	b1=" + b1 + " 	b.a2=" + (b == null ? "NPE" : b.a2) + " 	a=" + A2.a + " 	a1=" + A2.a1 + " 	a.b2=" + (A2.a == null ? "NPE" : A2.a.b2));
    }

    public int b2 = 21;

    static {
        b1 = 4;
        System.out.println("Class B2 init end. 	b=" + b + " 	b1=" + b1 + " 	b.a2=" + (b == null ? "NPE" : b.a2) + " 	a=" + A2.a + " 	a1=" + A2.a1 + " 	a.b2=" + (A2.a == null ? "NPE" : A2.a.b2));
    }

    {
        b2 = 22;
        System.out.println("Instance B2 init end. 	b=" + b + " 	b1=" + b1 + " 	b.a2=" + (b == null ? "NPE" : b.a2) + " 	a=" + A2.a + " 	a1=" + A2.a1 + " 	a.b2=" + (A2.a == null ? "NPE" : A2.a.b2));
    }

    public B2() {
        System.out.println("Instance B2 new. 	b=" + b + " 	b1=" + b1 + " 	b.a2=" + (b == null ? "NPE" : b.a2) + " 	a=" + A2.a + " 	a1=" + A2.a1 + " 	a.b2=" + (A2.a == null ? "NPE" : A2.a.b2));
    }
}

class Main2 {
    static public void main(String... args) {
        System.out.println("A2 a=" + A2.a);
        System.out.println("A2 a1=" + A2.a1);
        System.out.println("A2 a2=" + B2.b.a2);
        System.out.println("B2 b=" + B2.b);
        System.out.println("B2 b1=" + B2.b1);
        System.out.println("B2 b2=" + A2.a.b2);
    }
}

程序输出结果:

1. [Loaded Main2 from file:/Users/jiadongy/JVM_Learning_Sample/out/production/JVM_Learning_Sample/]
2. [Loaded A2 from file:/Users/jiadongy/JVM_Learning_Sample/out/production/JVM_Learning_Sample/]
3. Class A2 init start
4. [Loaded B2 from file:/Users/jiadongy/JVM_Learning_Sample/out/production/JVM_Learning_Sample/]
5. Class B2 init start
6. Instance A2 init start. a=null a1=0 a.b2=NPE b=null b1=0 b.a2=NPE
7. Instance A2 init end.      a=null a1=0 a.b2=NPE b=null b1=0 b.a2=NPE
8. Instance A2 new.         a=null a1=0 a.b2=NPE b=null b1=0 b.a2=NPE
9. Class B2 init end.              b=A2@61bbe9ba b1=4 b.a2=12 a=null a1=0 a.b2=NPE
10. Instance B2 init start.       b=A2@61bbe9ba b1=4 b.a2=12 a=null a1=0 a.b2=NPE
11. Instance B2 init end.          b=A2@61bbe9ba b1=4 b.a2=12 a=null a1=0 a.b2=NPE
12. Instance B2 new.             b=A2@61bbe9ba b1=4 b.a2=12 a=null a1=0 a.b2=NPE
13. Class A2 init end.      a=B2@610455d6 a1=2 a.b2=22 b=A2@61bbe9ba b1=4 b.a2=12
14. A2 a=B2@610455d6
15. A2 a1=2
16. A2 a2=12
17. B2 b=A2@61bbe9ba
18. B2 b1=4
19. B2 b2=22

把它转化为下面的表格,更加清晰地描述A/B各个阶段执行的过程:

可以看到在A类初始化的过程中,A类被实例化了(并且该阶段正常结束了),也就是说类的初始化阶段并不是原子的/排他的.
如在本例中,A类实例化阶段的结束早于其类初始化阶段,A类实例化完成时,A类的静态变量还未被初始化.

Reference.1中已经描述了这种情况:

_加载/验证/准备/初始化和卸载这5个阶段的顺序是确定的_,类的加载过程必须按照这种顺序按部就班的开始...注意,这里笔者写的是按部就班的"开始",而不是按部就班的"进行"或"完成",强调这点是因为这些阶段通都是相互交叉混合式进行的,通常会在一个阶段执行的过程中调用/激活另外一个阶段
                                                          <<深入理解Java虚拟机>>P210

类的循环初始化不会引起死锁

5个阶段的开始是有顺序的,结束则不一定

阶段不是排他的/临界的

循环初始化可能引起意料之外的情况,尽量避免

eg.类在初始化过程中修改另一个类的变量,导致另一个类得到了意料之外的初始值

深入理解Java虚拟机