redux async action 轻松搭建测试环境

摘要：如果觉得单元测试难以入手不妨尝试本文方法状态管理确实带来十分大的便利但随之而来的单元测试实现却令人头痛至少刚开始我不知道从何着手尤其单元测试更甚本文意旨简单实现单元测试实现工具测试管理工具测试框架测试断言库项目结构前端相关测试相关配置文件入

如果觉得redux async action单元测试难以入手,不妨尝试本文方法.

redux状态管理确实带来十分大的便利,但随之而来的单元测试实现却令人头痛(至少刚开始我不知道从何着手).尤其async action单元测试更甚,本文意旨简单实现redux async action单元测试.

karma 测试管理工具

mocha 测试框架

chai 测试断言库

</>复制代码 
.
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── app #前端相关
│   ├── actions #redux actions
│   │   └── about.js
│   └── helpers #validator
│       └── validator.js
├── package.json
├── test #测试相关
│   ├── actions #test redux actions
│   │   └── about_test.js
│   ├── karma.conf.js #karma配置文件
│   └── test_index.js #test 入口文件
├── webpack.test.js #test wepack
└── yarn.lock

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karma配置文件

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/**
 * test/karma.conf.js
 */
var webpackConfig = require("../webpack.test");
module.exports = function (config) {
    config.set({
        // 使用的测试框架&断言库
        frameworks: ["mocha", "chai"],
        // 测试文件同时作为webpack入口文件
        files: [
            "test_index.js"
        ],
        // webpack&sourcemap处理测试文件
        preprocessors: {
            "test_index.js": ["webpack", "sourcemap"]
        },
        // 测试浏览器
        browsers: ["PhantomJS"],
        // 测试结束关闭PhantomJS
        phantomjsLauncher: {
            exitOnResourceError: true
        },
        // 生成测试报告
        reporters: ["mocha", "coverage"],
        // 覆盖率配置
        coverageReporter: {
            dir: "coverage",
            reporters: [{
                type: "json",
                subdir: ".",
                file: "coverage.json",
            }, {
                type: "lcov",
                subdir: "."
            }, {
                type: "text-summary"
            }]
        },
        // webpack配置
        webpack: webpackConfig,
        webpackMiddleware: {
            stats: "errors-only"
        },
        // 自动监测测试文件内容
        autoWatch: false,
        // 只运行一次
        singleRun: true,
        // 运行端口
        port: 9876,
        // 输出彩色
        colors: true,
        // 输出等级
        // config.LOG_DISABLE
        // config.LOG_ERROR
        // config.LOG_WARN
        // config.LOG_INFO
        // config.LOG_DEBUG
        logLevel: config.LOG_INFO
    });
};

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karma测试入口文件

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/**
 * test/test_index.js
 * 引入test目录下带_test文件
 */
var testsContext = require.context(".", true, /_test$/);
testsContext.keys().forEach(function (path) {
    try {
        testsContext(path);
    } catch (err) {
        console.error("[ERROR] WITH SPEC FILE: ", path);
        console.error(err);
    }
});

es6将会已经成为主流,所以搭建karma时选择webpack配合babel进行打包处理.

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webpack

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/**
 * webpack.test.js
 */
process.env.NODE_ENV = "test";
var webpack = require("webpack");
var path = require("path");
module.exports = {
    name: "run test webpack",
    devtool: "inline-source-map", //Source Maps
    module: {
        loaders: [
            {
                test: /.jsx|.js$/,
                include: [
                    path.resolve("app/"),
                    path.resolve("test/")
                ],
                loader: "babel"
            }
        ],
        preLoaders: [{ //在webpackK打包前用isparta-instrumenter记录编译前文件,精准覆盖率
            test: /.jsx|.js$/,
            include: [path.resolve("app/")],
            loader: "isparta"
        }],
        plugins: [
            new webpack.DefinePlugin({
                "process.env.NODE_ENV": JSON.stringify("test")
            })
        ]
    }
};

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babel

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/**
 * .babelrc
 */
{
  "presets": ["es2015", "stage-0", "react"]
}

为了对actions执行了什么有个具体的概念,此处贴一张图

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/**
 * app/actions/about.js
 */
import "isomorphic-fetch";
import * as Validators from "../helpers/validator";
export const GET_ABOUT_REQUEST = "GET_ABOUT_REQUEST";
export const GET_ABOUT_SUCCEED = "GET_ABOUT_SUCCEED";
export const GET_ABOUT_FAILED = "GET_ABOUT_FAILED";
export const CHANGE_START = "CHANGE_START";
export const CHANGE_ABOUT = "CHANGE_ABOUT";
const fetchStateUrl = "/api/about";
/**
 * 异步获取about
 * method get
 */
exports.fetchAbout = ()=> {
    return async(dispatch)=> {
        // 初始化about
        dispatch(aboutRequest());
        try {//成功则执行aboutSucceed
            let response = await fetch(fetchStateUrl);
            let data = await response.json();
            return dispatch(aboutSucceed(data));
        } catch (e) {//失败则执行aboutFailed
            return dispatch(aboutFailed());
        }
    }
};
/**
 * 改变start
 * value 星数
 */
exports.changeStart = (value)=> ({
    type: CHANGE_START,
    value: value,
    error: Validators.changeStart(value)
});
/**
 * 异步改变about
 * method post
 */
exports.changeAbout = ()=> {
    return async(dispatch)=> {
        try {
            let response = await fetch("/api/about", {
                method: "POST"
            });
            let data = await response.json();
            return dispatch({
                type: CHANGE_ABOUT,
                data: data
            });
        } catch (e) {
        }
    }
};
const aboutRequest = ()=> ({
    type: GET_ABOUT_REQUEST
});
const aboutSucceed = (data)=>({
    type: GET_ABOUT_SUCCEED,
    data: data
});
const aboutFailed = ()=> {
    return {
        type: GET_ABOUT_FAILED
    }
};

因为对星数有限制,编写validator限制

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validator

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/**
 * app/helpers/validator.js
 */
// 限制星数必须为正整数且在1~5之间
export function changeStart(value) {
    var reg = new RegExp(/^[1-5]$/);
    if (typeof(value) === "number" && reg.test(value)) {
        return ""
    }
    return "星数必须为正整数且在1~5之间"
}

这里测试了actions应该暴露的const,普通的actions,异步的actions.

测试async actions主要靠fetch-mock拦截actions本身,并且返回期望的结果.

注意:fetch-mock mock(matcher, response, options)方法,matcher使用begin:匹配相应url.如:begin:http://www.example.com/,即匹配http://www.example.com/也匹配http://www.example.com/api/about

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/**
 * test/actions/about_test.js
 */
import "babel-polyfill"; // 转换es6新的API 这里主要为Promise
import "isomorphic-fetch"; // fetchMock依赖
import fetchMock from "fetch-mock";// fetch拦截并模拟数据
import configureMockStore from "redux-mock-store";// 模拟store
import thunk from "redux-thunk";
import * as Actions from "../../app/actions/about";
//store通过middleware进行模拟
const middlewares = [thunk];
const mockStore = configureMockStore(middlewares);
describe("actions/about", () => {
    //export constant test
    describe("export constant", ()=> {
        it("Should export a constant GET_ABOUT_REQUEST.", () => {
            expect(Actions.GET_ABOUT_REQUEST).to.equal("GET_ABOUT_REQUEST");
        });
        it("Should export a constant GET_ABOUT_SUCCEED.", () => {
            expect(Actions.GET_ABOUT_SUCCEED).to.equal("GET_ABOUT_SUCCEED");
        });
        it("Should export a constant GET_ABOUT_FAILED.", () => {
            expect(Actions.GET_ABOUT_FAILED).to.equal("GET_ABOUT_FAILED");
        });
        it("Should export a constant CHANGE_START.", () => {
            expect(Actions.CHANGE_START).to.equal("CHANGE_START");
        });
        it("Should export a constant GET_ABOUT_REQUEST.", () => {
            expect(Actions.CHANGE_ABOUT).to.equal("CHANGE_ABOUT");
        });
    });
    //normal action test
    describe("action fetchAbout", ()=> {
        it("fetchAbout should be exported as a function.", () => {
            expect(Actions.fetchAbout).to.be.a("function")
        });
        it("fetchAbout should return a function (is a thunk).", () => {
            expect(Actions.fetchAbout()).to.be.a("function")
        });
    });
    describe("action changeStart", ()=> {
        it("changeStart should be exported as a function.", () => {
            expect(Actions.changeStart).to.be.a("function")
        });
        it("Should be return an action and return correct results", () => {
            const action = Actions.changeStart(5);
            expect(action).to.have.property("type", Actions.CHANGE_START);
            expect(action).to.have.property("value", 5);
        });
        it("Should be return an action with error while input empty value.", () => {
            const action = Actions.changeStart();
            expect(action).to.have.property("error").to.not.be.empty
        });
    });
    describe("action changeAbout", ()=> {
        it("changeAbout be exported as a function.", () => {
            expect(Actions.changeAbout).to.be.a("function")
        });
    });
    //async action test
    describe("async action", ()=> {
        //对每个执行完的测试恢复fetchMock
        afterEach(fetchMock.restore);
        describe("action fetchAbout", ()=> {
            it("Should be done when fetch action fetchAbout", async()=> {
                const data = {
                    "code": 200,
                    "msg": "ok",
                    "result": {
                        "value": 4,
                        "about": "it"s my about"
                    }
                };
                // 期望的发起请求的 action
                const actRequest = {
                    type: Actions.GET_ABOUT_REQUEST
                };
                // 期望的请求成功的 action
                const actSuccess = {
                    type: Actions.GET_ABOUT_SUCCEED,
                    data: data
                };
                const expectedActions = [
                    actRequest,
                    actSuccess,
                ];
                //拦截/api/about请求并返回自定义数据
                fetchMock.mock(`begin:/api/about`, data);
                const store = mockStore({});
                await store.dispatch(Actions.fetchAbout());
                //比较store.getActions()与期望值
                expect(store.getActions()).to.deep.equal(expectedActions);
            });
            it("Should be failed when fetch action fetchAbout", async()=> {
                // 期望的发起请求的 action
                const actRequest = {
                    type: Actions.GET_ABOUT_REQUEST
                };
                // 期望的请求失败的 action
                const actFailed = {
                    type: Actions.GET_ABOUT_FAILED
                };
                const expectedActions = [
                    actRequest,
                    actFailed,
                ];
                //拦截/api/about请求并返回500错误
                fetchMock.mock(`begin:/api/about`, 500);
                const store = mockStore({});
                await store.dispatch(Actions.fetchAbout());
                //比较store.getActions()与期望值
                expect(store.getActions()).to.deep.equal(expectedActions);
            });
        });
        describe("action changeAbout", ()=> {
            it("Should be done when fetch action changeAbout", async()=> {
                const data = {
                    "code": 200,
                    "msg": "ok",
                    "result": {
                        "about": "it"s changeAbout fetch about"
                    }
                };
                const acSuccess = {
                    type: Actions.CHANGE_ABOUT,
                    data: data
                };
                const expectedActions = [
                    acSuccess
                ];
                //拦截/api/about post请求并返回自定义数据
                fetchMock.mock(`begin:/api/about`, data, {method: "POST"});
                const store = mockStore({});
                await store.dispatch(Actions.changeAbout());
                //比较store.getActions()与期望值
                expect(store.getActions()).to.deep.equal(expectedActions);
            });
        });
    });
});

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 "dependencies": {
    "isomorphic-fetch": "^2.2.1",
    "react": "^15.4.1",
    "react-dom": "^15.4.1",
    "redux": "^3.6.0",
    "webpack": "^1.14.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "babel-cli": "^6.18.0",
    "babel-loader": "^6.2.10",
    "babel-polyfill": "^6.20.0",
    "babel-preset-es2015": "^6.18.0",
    "babel-preset-react": "^6.16.0",
    "babel-preset-stage-0": "^6.16.0",
    "chai": "^3.5.0",
    "fetch-mock": "^5.8.0",
    "isparta-loader": "^2.0.0",
    "karma": "^1.3.0",
    "karma-chai": "^0.1.0",
    "karma-coverage": "^1.1.1",
    "karma-mocha": "^1.3.0",
    "karma-mocha-reporter": "^2.2.1",
    "karma-phantomjs-launcher": "^1.0.2",
    "karma-sourcemap-loader": "^0.3.7",
    "karma-webpack": "^1.8.1",
    "mocha": "^3.2.0",
    "redux-mock-store": "^1.2.1",
    "redux-thunk": "^2.1.0",
    "sinon": "next"
  }

直接在项目根目录中执行npm test则可以进行测试

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"scripts": {
    "test": "./node_modules/karma/bin/karma start test/karma.conf.js"
  }

测试结果

Travis-cli

与Github进行绑定

每次push执行npm test进行测试
由于Travis默认测试Ruby项目,所以在根目录下添加.travis.yml文件

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language: node_js #项目标注为javascript(nodeJs)
node_js: "6" #nodeJs版本
sudo: true
cache: yarn #yarn缓存目录 $HOME/.yarn-cache

若项目通过可得到属于该项目的小图标

https://github.com/timmyLan/r...

http://cn.redux.js.org/docs/r...

https://github.com/wheresrhys...